Red Light Therapy for Acne (13 Ways It Helps)
Acne is when the skin erupts in whiteheads, blackheads, cysts, papules, pustules, and nodules. Red light therapy for acne uses low-energy visible and infrared light to trigger healthy responses in the skin, reducing all of these acne symptoms. Red light therapy for acne is scientifically proven to provide these benefits:
Takeaways
- Reduces the quantity of whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts
- Reduces the severity of acne eruptions
- Reduces hair follicle clogging
- Reduces or eliminates P. acnes bacteria
- Reduces the quantity of sebum oil
- Evens the skin tone
- Reduces inflammation
- Provides SPF-15 UV protection
- Increases collagen and elastin production
- Tightens skin
- Reduces sagging
- Reduces redness
- Increases nourishing blood flow
Learn how to shop for red light therapy: Best Red Light Therapy for Acne
Red Light Therapy for Acne, According to Science
Infrared, red, and blue light combined reduce acne symptoms. Blue light kills P. acnes bacteria. Red and infrared light stimulate collagen production and reduce inflammation. Here are a few studies that successfully reduced acne symptoms using red light therapy.
Table 13 Red Light Therapy for Acne Studies
STUDY | FINDINGS |
Blue and red LED light treatments reduced inflammatory acne by 34% and non inflammatory acne by 78%. In addition, melanin decreased significantly, tone brightened, and texture improved. | |
415 combined with 633, 21 subjects, self administered handheld device over 4 weeks. Reduced lesion counts throughout study and 8 weeks post therapy, 69% reduction at 8 weeks | |
Treatment of acne vulgaris with a portable 630 nm to 670 nm portable LED device resulted in reduced inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesion counts. | |
10 weeks after last treatment, group treated with 630 nm light had significant reduction in moderate acne. The 890 nm group did not have a significant reduction. | |
Green light reduced acne lesions by 67% when measured at 6 weeks past the end of the study. | |
Subjects received a monochromatic 415 nm blue treatment, or a polychromatic 415 nm and 660 nm treatment. Groups 3 and 4 received cool white light and 5% benzyl peroxide. Patients treated themselves 1x/day for 15 minutes for 12 weeks. At weeks 4 and 8, the red and red-blue groups achieved similar lesion reductions. At week 12, the blue-red group had significantly better results than blue alone. The blue-red group had a 76% inflammatory lesion reduction, significantly higher than the blue light, white light, and benzyl peroxide treatment. | |
24 mild to severe acne patients with Fitzpatrick skin types II-V received 415 nm blue at one session alternating with 633 nm red at the next. Schedule was 2x/week, 3 days apart, 20 min. per session, 48 J/cm^2 415 nm or 96 J/cm^2 633 nm. All subjects had mild microabrasions before treatment. 22 patients were assessed, 2 dropped out. Researchers objectively counted a 46% lesion count reduction at 4 weeks, and an 81% lesion count reduction at 12 weeks. | |
Alternating 415 nm and 830 nm at each session reduced inflammatory acne lesions up to 83.3%. Non inflammatory lesions improved an average of 48.8%, but four patients had an increase. There were no side effects. | |
Decreased acne lesions, decreased skin sebum excretion in women at end of treatment and 3 month followup. Study used multiple wavelengths in the red range. | |
90% or greater acne reduction at one month using blue LED therapy on the face of Chinese patients. Some redness after treatment resolving in 2h. After 3 months, 12 of 22 patients had minimal papules and pustules, “but no nodular pustules recurred.” | |
Increase lymphatic system activity correlated: reduced wrinkles | |
Red and blue light two to five minute sessions for four weeks resulte in: inflammatory acne lesions reduced by 77%n | |
Elimnate rosacea small acneiform papules and decrease redness. | |
Blue and red light facial and back therapy immediately improved acne symptom better than salicylic acid treatment . “The number of comedones, papules and pustules decreased significantly at the end of the session.” | |
FLUORESCENT LIGHT ENERGY: The Future for Treating Inflammatory Skin Conditions? | Photodynamic Light Therapy When applied with a topical substance, light therapy becomes photodynamic therapy (PDT). Kleresca is a photodynamic therapy treatment manufacturer based in Europe and Australia. Kleresca marketing refers to this process as biophotonics. In home LED therapy, the chromophores in the mitochondria absorb the photons to create an ATP and nitric oxide response. In PDT, the topical substance absorbs the photons. Then, the substance is potentiated to heal, or the absorption transfers photon energy to the skin. In this case, it appears that the chromophore gel is a mediator to get more photons to the skin. This study looked at the Kleresca chromophore gel’s light absorption properties. The fluorescent Kleresca lamp output similar irradiance to an LED analogue. Irradiance for both lamps peaked at just under 10 mW/cm^2 and 435 nm. Irradiance was lowest at 500 nm to 550 nm at .01 mW/cm^2 (LED) and .001 mW/cm^2 (Kleresca). Lamps peaked output again at 570 nm at just under .1 mW/cm^2 and plummeted back to 0.001 between 630 nm and 700 nm. Authors tested Kleresca PDT on one acne patient. Inflammation reduction peaked at week 20 and corresponded with significant lesion reduction. More acne resolution occurred from week 21 to week 57 with visible reductions at week 33, week 45 and week 57. A third test compared fibroblast collagen production under LED and Kleresca. Kleresca produced more collagen compared to LED in untreated skin. In part 2 of the collagen test, researchers added interferon inflammatory markers to the fibroblast cells. LED collagen production remained consistent, but FLE dramatically fell below LED results. In the presence of inflammatory marker, LED produced the same collagen, and FLE produced significantly less collagen. In a confusing statement of conflict, the authors state that they Kleresca employees, but that Kleresca did not fund the study, and there are no conflicts of interest. |
Both groups had moderate to severe acne. All subjects received 470 nm blue and 640 nm red light therapy treatments. Group 1 received treatment two times per week for four weeks. At the first weekly session, they received one color treatment. At the second weekly session they received the other color treatment. Group 2 received treatment one time per week. At this session, they first received one color, then they received the second color. Group 1 treatment was spread across two days. Group 2 treatment was delivered in one day. Both groups had significant lesion count reduction, and were not significantly different from one another. Both regimens had significant results. |
1 – Infrared Light Reduces Sebum and Pustules
A 2021 study of one acne reduction treated 27 women six times with infrared light[iv]. Independent observers assessed the acne before and after treatments.
Average sebum production on the forehead and cheeks dropped significantly by the third treatment and continued to drop after that.
Blackheads dropped from 23 to 10, pustules from 12 to 8 per person, and papules from 9 to just 5 per person.
2 – Blue Light Reduces Acne 81.6%
A 2016 randomized and placebo-controlled study treated 89 people twice weekly for 12 weeks with blue light therapy[v].
At six weeks, the average number of inflammatory lesions dropped by 40%. Half the group then received another six weeks of treatment, achieving an 81.6% reduction in lesions.
3 – Blue Light As Effective As Benzoyl Peroxide (Without Side Effects)
A 2009 study compared blue light therapy to treatment with benzoyl peroxide 5% in 60 subjects[vi]. Thirty received benzoyl peroxide twice daily, and 30 received blue light therapy once daily, each for four weeks.
The benzoyl peroxide group achieved a 31.32% reduction in lesions[vii], but 23% of that group complained of side effects.
The blue light therapy group had a 21.66% reduction in lesions, with no reported side effects.
4 – Light Therapy Device Reduces Pimples 77.2%
A 2021 study compared red to infrared light therapy to reduce acne in 28 subjects. The red light group started with an average of 27.7 pimples and finished the study with an average of 6.3. The red light corresponded with a 77.2% drop in pimple quantity.
5 – Light Treatment Kills Acne Bacteria
Porphyrins are a group of organic compounds. Cutibacterium acne (C. acne)[x] and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria on the skin produce porphyrins as part of their normal metabolism.
Red and blue light is absorbed in the porphyrins[xi].
The molecular excitation produces singlet oxygen, a free radical that kills the bacteria. When the bacterial colonies are killed, the skin recovers.
6 – How Light Therapy Helps Acne Inflammation
Infrared, red, and blue help reduce inflammation associated with acne.
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine crucial to the body’s immune response. It is produced in response to infection, injury, or inflammation.
IL-1β is involved in acne inflammation. It can cause tissue damage and chronic inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that responds to infection and inflammation. It is involved in acne formation and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Red and blue light significantly reduces the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, causing acne reduction[xii].
Red light therapy causes retrograde signaling from the mitochondria that calls for inflammation reduction. That mechanism might be the one that causes IL-1β and IL-6 to drop in acne-affected skin.
Red and infrared excel at reducing inflammation. Blue light excels at reducing the number of pimples. However, blue light has some inflammatory effects; red and infrared light can reduce the number of pimples. They work best together.
- The affected skin absorbs light energy in the mitochondria, where the cells make energy molecules (adenosine triphosphate, or ATP) that power repair processes.
- The mitochondria signal the production of growth factors that produce new skin cells.
- The mitochondria also signal the immune system to stop chronic inflammation, a key component of acne symptoms.
- The light stimulates the bacteria’s porphyrins (organic compounds) to release reactive oxygen species (free radicals) that kill the P. acnes bacteria.
- The blue light kills the P. acnes bacteria colonized in the hair follicles
Blue and red light can kill bacterial colonies, but blue light is more effective than red light.
Taken together (literally at the same time or alternating between the different types of light), red light therapy:
- Reduces the quantity of whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts
- Reduces the severity of acne eruptions
- Reduces hair follicle clogging
- Reduces or eliminates P. acnes bacteria
- Reduces the quantity of sebum oil
- Evens the skin tone
- Reduces inflammation
- Provides SPF-15 UV protection
- Increases collagen and elastin production
- Tightens skin
- Reduces sagging
- Reduces redness
- Increases nourishing blood flow
By far, the most satisfying mechanism of red light therapy is its killing of the Cutibacterium acnes (C. acne)[viii] and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria. Blue and red light can kill bacterial colonies, but blue light is more effective than red[ix] light.
Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics but not to red light therapy.
The light excites organic compounds in the bacteria that cause acne, causing the organic compounds to vibrate faster. The excitation creates free radicals that turn around and kill the bacteria that host them.
Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics but not to red light therapy.
Bacteria cannot become resistant to light; they have no choice but to absorb photons in their organic compounds. Bacteria must evolve over eons to adapt to red and blue light therapy.
How To Use Light Therapy for Acne At Home
You can do red light therapy for acne at home. The ideal device uses infrared, red, yellow, and blue wavelengths of light.
Face masks and tabletop panels are the most common acne devices. For better skin, see my light therapy mask recommendations and favorite light devices.
Follow the instructions for your at-home red light therapy device. If the instructions say to sit 6 inches from the light, use a ruler to measure 6 inches. Don’t guess.
The amount of light you get changes exponentially with distance. With the device at the right distance, turn on the device aimed at your face for the instructed treatment time. Do the treatment every day unless instructed otherwise.
To do red light therapy for acne at home:
- Wash and dry the face.
- Use a red light therapy device with blue, red, and infrared light, and optionally yellow or green light.
- Place yourself at the correct distance from the device. For a panel, this will be 6 inches. For a face mask, put the mask on your face and secure it to your head.
- Use the device for the instructed amount of time. Usually, this is 5-10 minutes.
- After using the light, you can add skincare topicals.
What is Acne?
Acne is a common skin condition when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, and bacteria infect the skin. The most common types of acne eruptions include:
- Whiteheads are small, round, white bumps caused by hair follicles clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
- Blackheads are small, flat, black, or dark-colored bumps caused by clogged hair follicles exposed to air.
- Papules are small, raised, red bumps caused by inflamed hair follicles.
- Pustules are small, raised, red bumps caused by inflamed hair follicles filled with pus.
- Nodules are large, painful, solid bumps that develop deep under the skin.
- Cysts are tender nodules that are filled with pus.
Acne Symptoms
Acne causes lesions and bumps, including whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Symptoms also include tenderness, redness, and inflammation.
Acne Whiteheads
A whitehead, also known as a closed comedo, is an acne lesion that appears as a small, raised bump on the skin with a white or yellowish head. It is caused by the buildup of oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria in the hair follicles of the skin, which can block the opening of the follicle and cause a small, closed bump to form.
Whiteheads are typically less than 5 millimeters in size and are not inflamed or red. They are common acne and can occur on the face, neck, chest, and back. Depending on the severity and duration of the acne, whiteheads can be treated with topical and oral medications.
Acne Blackheads
A blackhead, or open comedo, is an acne lesion when a hair follicle becomes clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. The clogged material oxidizes and turns black, resulting in a dark appearance.
Blackheads typically appear on the face, neck, chest, and back and are more common in people with oily skin. They are a mild form of acne and can be treated with topical and oral medications and regular skincare practices such as gentle cleansing and exfoliation.
Acne Papules
Papules are a type of acne lesion that appears as small, raised bumps on the skin. They are typically less than 5 millimeters in size and may be pink, red, or flesh-colored.
Papules are caused by inflammation and clogging of the hair follicles in the skin, leading to a small, solid bump formation.
They can be painful or tender to the touch and may be accompanied by other acne lesions, such as pustules or nodules.
Papules are a common type of acne on the face, neck, chest, and back. Depending on the severity and duration of the acne, it can be treated with various topical and oral medications.
Acne Pustules
Pustules are a type of acne lesion characterized by a small, raised bump on the skin that contains pus. They often have a red base and may be painful or tender to the touch.
Pustules are typically filled with white or yellowish fluid and can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, neck, chest, and back. They are caused by inflammation and infection of the hair follicles, which can trigger various factors, including excess oil production, bacterial overgrowth, and hormonal changes.
Acne Nodules
Acne nodules are severe acne lesions that typically develop deep within the skin. Nodules are large, hard, painful bumps up to several centimeters in size.
Nodules are caused by the buildup of oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria within hair follicles. The immune system responds by inflaming the skin.
Nodules can develop anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, neck, chest, and back.
Unlike other types of acne lesions, nodules do not have a white or black head on the surface and do not come to a head. Instead, they are deeply embedded in the skin and can be difficult to treat.
Nodules can also lead to scarring if they are not treated properly. If you have acne scarring, it might be from nodules, but it can also come from cysts.
Acne Cysts
An acne cyst is a clustered of pustules[ii].
Acne cysts are a severe form of acne characterized by large, pus-filled lesions deep within the skin. They can be painful and may take a long time to heal. Cysts are formed when the contents of a blocked hair follicle spill out into the surrounding skin, leading to inflammation and infection.
The cysts can be difficult to treat and may leave scars.
Acne Causes
According to a 2021 medical overview of acne vulgaris[iii], the disorder is caused by problems with sebum, follicles, bacteria, and inflammation.
Increased Sebum Production
Sebum is an oily, waxy substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.
Increased sebum production can contribute to several symptoms of acne, including oily skin, clogged pores, and the formation of whiteheads and blackheads.
Excessive sebum production can also create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, leading to inflammatory acne lesions such as pustules and cysts.
Hyperkeratinization of the Follicle
Hyperkeratinization of the follicle is a medical condition in which the hair follicles overproduce keratin, a protein that helps protect the skin. This can cause the follicles to become blocked, forming whiteheads, blackheads, and other types of acne lesions.
Bacterial Colonization
Bacterial colonization refers to the process by which bacteria reside and multiply in a particular body area.
In acne, the skin’s sebaceous glands can become colonized with a type of bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). This can lead to inflammatory acne lesions, as the bacteria produce enzymes and other substances that can cause irritation and inflammation.
Additionally, P. acnes can form comedones (clogged pores) by breaking down the sebum within the follicles.
Blue light therapy can kill P. acnes bacteria.
Inflammation
Inflammation is a natural response of the body’s immune system to injury or infection. It is characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain in the affected area. In the case of acne, inflammation can occur when the hair follicles become blocked with sebum and dead skin cells, leading to whiteheads, blackheads, and other types of acne lesions.
When the bacteria P. acnes colonize the follicles, they can produce substances that trigger an inflammatory response, causing redness and swelling around the affected area.
Inflammatory acne lesions, such as papules, pustules, and cysts, result from this process.
In some cases, inflammation can also contribute to the development of acne scarring. Red light therapy is very good at reducing these scars; learn more in my article Red Light for Acne Scars.
Acne Treatment Options
Acne treatments include light therapy and topical, oral, and physical interventions. The medical acne therapy information below is sourced from the Mayo Clinic’s page on Acne.
Red Light Therapy Works for Acne
Studies show that red (and blue/infrared) light therapy for acne can reduce 81% of symptoms in 8 weeks. If this were a drug result, it’d be all over the news. Since no one will ever make a fortune on red light therapy (you cannot patent light wavelengths), you must find these things out for yourself.
Topical Creams for the Treatment of Acne
Topical treatments include retinoids derived from vitamin A. Retinoids prevent hair follicles from plugging up, but they do not treat the bacterial cause of acne. They can also cause redness and dry skin.
Topical antibiotics can address the bacteria but don’t work well in isolation. Retinoids and antibiotics are often prescribed together.
Azelaic acid is a topical treatment for acne and melasma (hormonal hyperpigmentation). It prevents hair follicle clogging but not bacterial colonies. However, it can cause skin irritation.
Medical Acne Treatments
Medical acne treatments include antibiotics, contraceptives, androgen inhibitors, and Isotretinoin.
Antibiotics are photosensitive medications that cause a rash when exposed to the sun. They restrain the P. acnes bacteria that colonize the skin.
Contraceptives change the estrogen profile in your body. They can prevent acne-causing processes but have a huge side effect profile. Contraceptives can cause breast cancer, cervical cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Anti-androgens prevent hormones from triggering acne-causing processes in the skin. They can cause period and breast pain.
Isotretinoin is a derivative of vitamin A with enormous side effects and problems that include depression, birth defects, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Surface Treatments for Acne
Chemical peels can temporarily improve the skin’s collagen profile but do not affect the acne processes underlying the problem.
Drainage and extraction involve the doctor draining the pimples. Extraction can cause permanent scars.
Steroid injections are therapeutic to reduce inflammation in a small subset of acne cases.
Photodynamic Treatments for Acne
Photodynamic therapy uses light to activate a substance, which becomes the source of healthy biological change.
Dermatologists use photodynamic therapy, but it does not make sense for home use.
Psychological Effects of Facial Acne
The psychological impact of facial acne includes self-consciousness and social anxiety. According to a 2018 review of acne’s psychological effects, the condition can cause professional stress, private concerns, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping[I].
Stress and anxiety can lead to behaviors that make acne worse, such as skin picking. The acne can morph into post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which compounds self-consciousness and anxiety.
Conclusion
Red light therapy reduces acne by itself, and blue light is a powerful force for killing acne bacteria. Controlled studies repeatedly show that red light therapy (with or without blue light) reduces acne.
In addition to the article I posted at the top, here’s another look at some acne lights: 2 ReVive Acne Relief Devices: Are They Worth It?
Red Light Therapy for Acne FAQ
What is red light therapy?
Red light therapy is a type of light therapy that uses red light to treat various conditions, including acne. It delivers specific wavelengths of light to the skin to help heal and reduce inflammation.
How does red light therapy treat acne?
Red light therapy for acne targets the skin’s sebaceous glands, which produce oil that can lead to acne vulgaris.
The light wavelengths penetrate the skin and help to reduce oil and inflammation. They also promote new tissue growth and aid in healing acne lesions and scarring.
What is the difference between red light therapy and blue light therapy?
Red light therapy and blue light therapy are used to treat acne. Red light therapy targets the sebaceous glands and reduces inflammation, while blue light therapy targets the bacteria that cause acne. Some devices use red and blue light for an even more effective treatment.
How often should I use red light therapy for acne?
The frequency of treatment sessions depends on the severity of your acne. Typically, at-home devices can be used daily for mild-to-moderate acne, while more severe acne may require more frequent treatments. It’s important to follow the instructions provided with your red light therapy device or to consult a dermatologist to determine the best treatment plan.
Can red light therapy be used for inflammatory acne?
Yes, red light therapy can be effective for treating inflammatory acne. The light wavelengths penetrate the skin, promote healing, and reduce inflammation, which can help reduce the severity of acne flare-ups.
Is red light therapy safe for the skin?
Red light therapy for acne is considered safe for most individuals. It is non-invasive and does not damage the skin. However, it is important to use the light therapy device as directed and to avoid prolonged exposure to the light.
What is the difference between red light therapy and laser therapy?
Red light therapy typically uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but is also done with lasers. Laser and LED light have different properties but the same effects on the skin.
The issue when comparing them is that LEDs can be too weak, and lasers can be too strong.
The LED needs more power, and the laser needs less to make an effective red light therapy device.
References
- Dreno, B., Bagatin, E., Blume-Peytavi, U., Rocha, M., & Gollnick, H. (2018). Female type of adult acne: Physiological and psychological considerations and management. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 16(10), 1185-1194. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13664
- Pimples, Pustules, and Cysts. (2023, April 14). Pure Dermal Care. https://puredermalcare.com/pimples-pustules-cysts/
- Leung, A. K., Barankin, B., Lam, J. M., Leong, K. F., & Hon, K. L. (2021). Dermatology: how to manage acne vulgaris. Drugs in Context, 10, 2021-8-6. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2021-8-6
- Szymańska, A., Budzisz, E., & Erkiert-Polguj, A. (2021). The Anti-Acne Effect of Near-Infrared Low-Level Laser Therapy. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 14, 1045-1051. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S323132
- Antoniou, C., Dessinioti, C., Sotiriadis, D., Kalokasidis, K., Kontochristopoulos, G., Petridis, A., Rigopoulos, D., Vezina, D., & Nikolis, A. (2016). A multicenter, randomized, split-face clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of chromophore gel-assisted blue light phototherapy for the treatment of acne. International Journal of Dermatology, 55(12), 1321-1328. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13349
- de Arruda, L. H., Kodani, V., Bastos Filho, A., & Mazzaro, C. B. (2009). A prospective, randomized, open and comparative study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of blue light treatment versus a topical benzoyl peroxide 5% formulation in patients with acne grade II and III. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 84(5), 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962009000500003
- Diogo, M. L. G., Campos, T. M., Fonseca, E. S. R., Pavani, C., Horliana, A. C. R. T., Fernandes, K. P. S., Bussadori, S. K., Fantin, F. G. M. M., Leite, D. P. V., Yamamoto, Â. T. A., Navarro, R. S., & Motta, L. J. (2021). Effect of Blue Light on Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 21(20), 6943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206943
- McGinley, K. J., Webster, G. F., & Leyden, J. J. (1980). Facial follicular porphyrin fluorescence: Correlation with age and density of Propionibacterium acnes. British Journal of Dermatology, 102(4), 437-441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06557.x
- Choi, M. S., Yun, S. J., Beom, H. J., Park, H. R., & Lee, J. B. (2011). Comparative study of the bactericidal effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid with blue and red light on Propionibacterium acnes. The Journal of Dermatology, 38(7), 661-666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01094.x
- McGinley, K. J., Webster, G. F., & Leyden, J. J. (1980). Facial follicular porphyrin fluorescence: Correlation with age and density of Propionibacterium acnes. British Journal of Dermatology, 102(4), 437-441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06557.x
- Diogo, M. L. G., Campos, T. M., Fonseca, E. S. R., Pavani, C., Horliana, A. C. R. T., Fernandes, K. P. S., Bussadori, S. K., Fantin, F. G. M. M., Leite, D. P. V., Yamamoto, Â. T. A., Navarro, R. S., & Motta, L. J. (2021). Effect of Blue Light on Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 21(20), 6943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206943
- Zhao, C., Jia, X., Dong, F., Zhang, M., Li, T., & Wang, H. (2022). Therapeutic effect of alternating red and blue light irradiation combined with collagen in patients with acne vulgaris and the risk factors of short-term recurrence. American Journal of Translational Research, 14(11), 7870-7879.
